| Transport | Electricity | Heating & cooling | Gross final energy consumption | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | 1.6 | 105.5 | 31.8 | 65.5 |
| Sweden | 16.7 | 61.8 | 67.2 | 52.1 |
| Latvia | 3.1 | 48.8 | 49.7 | 37.1 |
| Finland | 9.9 | 31.1 | 50.9 | 36.8 |
| Austria | 7.5 | 68.1 | 33.5 | 32.6 |
| Denmark | 5.7 | 43.1 | 34.8 | 27.2 |
| Portugal | 0.7 | 49.2 | 34.5 | 25.7 |
| Estonia | 0.2 | 13.0 | 43.1 | 25.6 |
| Romania | 4.6 | 37.5 | 26.2 | 23.9 |
| Lithuania | 4.6 | 13.1 | 37.7 | 23.0 |
| Slovenia | 3.4 | 32.8 | 31.7 | 21.5 |
| Bulgaria | 5.6 | 18.9 | 29.2 | 19.0 |
| Croatia | 2.1 | 38.7 | 18.1 | 18.0 |
| Italy | 5.0 | 31.3 | 18.0 | 16.7 |
| Spain | 0.4 | 36.4 | 14.9 | 15.4 |
| European Union (28 countries) | 5.4 | 25.4 | 16.5 | 15.0 |
| Greece | 1.1 | 21.2 | 26.5 | 15.0 |
| France | 7.2 | 16.9 | 18.3 | 14.2 |
| Czech Republic | 5.7 | 12.8 | 15.3 | 12.4 |
| Germany | 6.3 | 25.6 | 10.6 | 12.4 |
| Poland | 6.0 | 10.7 | 13.9 | 11.3 |
| Hungary | 5.3 | 6.6 | 13.5 | 9.8 |
| Slovakia | 5.3 | 20.8 | 7.5 | 9.8 |
| Cyprus | 1.1 | 6.6 | 21.7 | 8.1 |
| Belgium | 4.3 | 12.3 | 8.1 | 7.9 |
| Ireland | 5.0 | 20.9 | 5.7 | 7.8 |
| United Kingdom | 4.4 | 13.9 | 2.6 | 5.1 |
| Netherlands | 5.0 | 10.1 | 3.6 | 4.5 |
| Malta | 3.3 | 1.6 | 23.7 | 3.8 |
| Luxembourg | 3.9 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 3.6 |
PS: Doesn't necessarily include all sectors (e.g. Industry)
Source: Share of energy from renewable sources; Eurostat: nrg_ind_335a, Last update: 09-03-2015
Notes:
It's in descending order of RE consumption.
Eurostat included Norway, although its not an EU country! Why? Perhaps because its hydro is so high that it makes the European figures look better (with a lower biofuel %).
Population density matters. 4 countries at the top of the list all have low population densities. 2 countries at the bottom (Malta, Netherlands) have high population density. Because renewable energy is an intensive resource (taking up vast land areas), countries with high population density find it harder to do.
In most cases, biofuels contribute 60% to 95% of the renewable energy mix. Eurostat don't make it easy to find the biomass contributions.
Leaving aside other criticisms for a moment. I now attempted a 2nd chart to verify the data above using data from elsewhere on Eurostat. The chart below merges 2 sources. The 2nd column compares primary renewable consumption with all primary energy consumption. The percentages this time around are lower. Why? I can't explain because Eurostat don't explain the derivation of the figures above.
PS: I didn't harmonize the country list because I didn't want to be accused of 'curating' the data.
| RE % | Hydro | Wind | Solar (PV + thermal) | Other RE (biomass, geothermal) | RE (all) | All energy | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | 37.4% | 11,047.0 | 162.9 | 0.0 | 1,375.1 | 12,585.0 | 33,660.8 |
| Montenegro | 36.9% | 215.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 166.9 | 382.2 | 1,036.6 |
| Latvia | 36.1% | 250.4 | 10.3 | 0.0 | 1,350.5 | 1,611.2 | 4,465.8 |
| Sweden | 34.8% | 5,276.1 | 846.3 | 14.2 | 10,946.0 | 17,082.6 | 49,134.0 |
| Albania | 31.0% | 598.1 | 0.0 | 11.9 | 201.5 | 811.5 | 2,617.7 |
| Austria | 29.6% | 3,609.4 | 270.9 | 227.9 | 5,883.9 | 9,992.1 | 33,762.4 |
| Finland | 29.2% | 1,103.9 | 66.6 | 1.7 | 8,746.6 | 9,918.8 | 33,925.6 |
| Denmark | 24.2% | 1.1 | 956.4 | 69.0 | 3,351.4 | 4,377.9 | 18,101.2 |
| Portugal | 23.5% | 1,180.6 | 1,033.0 | 114.0 | 2,986.5 | 5,314.1 | 22,611.9 |
| Lithuania | 18.1% | 44.8 | 51.8 | 3.9 | 1,111.9 | 1,212.4 | 6,687.4 |
| Romania | 17.2% | 1,286.1 | 388.7 | 36.3 | 3,839.8 | 5,550.9 | 32,346.0 |
| Italy | 16.5% | 4,537.7 | 1,280.9 | 2,024.5 | 18,527.5 | 26,370.6 | 160,007.1 |
| Slovenia | 16.5% | 396.6 | 0.3 | 28.1 | 706.1 | 1,131.1 | 6,871.3 |
| Croatia | 16.2% | 688.0 | 44.5 | 9.1 | 526.5 | 1,268.1 | 7,825.6 |
| Spain | 14.7% | 3,162.5 | 4,634.8 | 2,677.7 | 6,933.7 | 17,408.7 | 118,778.8 |
| Serbia | 12.8% | 877.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1,041.1 | 1,918.4 | 14,992.9 |
| Estonia | 12.7% | 2.2 | 45.5 | 0.0 | 803.5 | 851.2 | 6,702.7 |
| Euro area (19 countries) | 12.1% | 23,391.4 | 14,789.3 | 9,784.5 | 94,585.8 | 142,551.0 | 1,178,002.7 |
| Turkey | 11.8% | 5,109.2 | 649.8 | 795.0 | 7,493.4 | 14,047.4 | 118,847.2 |
| European Union (28 countries) | 11.8% | 31,860.5 | 20,207.4 | 10,626.3 | 134,066.4 | 196,760.6 | 1,666,318.4 |
| Bulgaria | 10.8% | 350.8 | 118.1 | 136.1 | 1,208.6 | 1,813.6 | 16,763.7 |
| Greece | 10.7% | 545.6 | 355.9 | 500.7 | 1,213.1 | 2,615.3 | 24,358.3 |
| Macedonia | 10.7% | 136.2 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 156.4 | 293.4 | 2,746.0 |
| Germany | 10.3% | 1,977.5 | 4,446.1 | 3,249.3 | 23,724.5 | 33,397.4 | 324,271.5 |
| France | 9.0% | 6,061.0 | 1,378.6 | 487.4 | 15,377.3 | 23,304.3 | 259,297.2 |
| Poland | 8.7% | 209.7 | 516.3 | 15.4 | 7,818.0 | 8,559.4 | 98,158.7 |
| Czech Republic | 8.5% | 235.1 | 41.4 | 189.1 | 3,103.0 | 3,568.6 | 42,191.3 |
| Hungary | 8.3% | 18.3 | 61.7 | 8.1 | 1,800.5 | 1,888.6 | 22,741.1 |
| Slovakia | 8.2% | 416.9 | 0.5 | 56.2 | 935.7 | 1,409.3 | 17,261.4 |
| Ireland | 6.2% | 49.7 | 390.5 | 11.3 | 399.2 | 850.7 | 13,737.3 |
| Belgium | 6.2% | 32.7 | 312.6 | 245.8 | 2,898.5 | 3,489.6 | 56,727.5 |
| Cyprus | 6.1% | 0.0 | 19.9 | 69.8 | 44.6 | 134.3 | 2,189.3 |
| United Kingdom | 5.0% | 404.0 | 2,444.9 | 364.5 | 6,886.4 | 10,099.8 | 201,054.1 |
| Netherlands | 4.2% | 9.8 | 483.8 | 70.4 | 2,806.6 | 3,370.6 | 81,170.9 |
| Luxembourg | 3.6% | 10.2 | 7.1 | 8.8 | 130.5 | 156.6 | 4,337.4 |
| Malta | 1.5% | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.9 | 5.8 | 12.7 | 839.0 |
Source:
Simplified energy balances - annual data [nrg_100a]
Supply, transformation and consumption of renewable energies - annual data [nrg_107a]
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