Pirani gauge. Answer to Critics.

For me, the only valid criticism of Tom Shula's interviewis that a Pirani gauge filament typically has low emissivity; ε ~ 0.05. But earth has an emissivity close to 1. Emissivity: ε ~ 0.95 (on average).

In his original presentation, Tom provided a chart with 100 mW power loss at 760 Torr (1 atmosphere). labeled with sp→(for surface pressure). The chart also showed a power loss due to radiation of just below 0.4 mW (at 0.001 Torr and less). That is the red horizontal line labeled: COMBINED RADIATIVE AND END LOSSES

Assume: with a Pirani filament of ε = 0.05, the power loss associated with IR emission = 0.4 mW. Multiply both power and emissivity by 19. 19 x 0.4 = 7.6. It's perfectly legitimate to multiply like this because emissivity is a simple scalar multiplier in the Stefan-Boltzmann Law.

So we can expect a Pirani filament of ε = 0.95 has a power loss associated with IR emission = 7.6 mW; and that this will be seen at low vacuum ≤ 0.001 Torr. [Note 0.001 = 1E-03 in the diagram]. Where the red line and green curve meet horizontally. This is the pressure where all power loss is associated with COMBINED RADIATIVE AND END LOSSES, and we assume the end losses are negligible.

Had we used a Pirani gauge with a filament, ε = 0.95 the we expect a base radiative emission of 7.6mW. This would give a similar chart to that above but the red horizontal line would pass through 7.6mW on the vertical axis, and the green curve would still meet the red line at 1E-03 = 0.001 Torr.

So:
  total power loss at 1 atmosphere (760 Torr) is 100 mW.
  power loss due to radiation is 7.6 mW

This estimate gives a radiative heat loss = 7.6% which is still far less than the 79% climate catastrophe modelers give us; although still 19 times what Tom originally estimated. It still falsifies the greenhouse effect; but less dramatically.

We can, in fact, use a Pirani gauge with a high emissivity filament (such as an oxidized alloy of nickel; 80Ni:20Cr, ε = 0.9, or 20Ni:25Cr:55Fe alloy, ε = 0.90 to 0.97 ). It just so happens that oxidized NiChrome wire is available. But we'll need to calibrate it for ourselves. We'd need to make our own chart of power used versus gas pressure. Or, at the very least, to run the experiment twice - at atmospheric surface pressure ( ~ 760 Torr), and at high vacuum of, say, 0.001 Torr (or less). At such low pressure ALL power loss is assumed to be due to IR emitted.

Or, provided we know the precise emissivity of our Pirani gauge filament, we can just scale it as I did above.

Plagiarism

These are passages DiAngelo and Gay are accused of plagiarizing.

DiAngelo (her PhD):

Gay:

Projection

Psychological projection

is the process of displacing one's feelings onto a different person, animal, or object. The term is most commonly used to describe defensive projection — attributing one's own unacceptable urges to another.

More generally projection is the basis of empathy by the projection of personal experiences to understand someone else's subjective world.

Empathy

= understanding another person’s experience by imagining oneself in that other person’s situation. It depends on projection; which is generally an unconscious mechanism = when we do it, we're unaware we're doing it.

So our ability to project is key to healthy minds; in that it's the basis for empathy. But projection can also go bad, in more than one way, for example:

Projection Gone bad

1. Psychopaths don't seem to develop empathy. They project others to be like them = self serving; and consider empathy to be merely suicidal!
2. Defensive projection. We displace our unacceptable urges onto a different person, animal, or object.
3. Woke is due to empathy running amok = suicidal empathy. The basis is a notion that if everyone had infinite empathy we'd be in Utopia!

Suicidal Empathy

1. In a borderless world we'd be free to travel anywhere. Poverty would be abolished.
2. In a net zero world all energy would be renewable, and 'free' because it's running off the sun and wind (which is 'free').
3. In a sexually liberated world everyone is free to love anyone else; and be loved in return.

Notice how free is the operative word for 1 - 3 above! Always - the seductive language!

Luxury Beliefs

None of these (utopian) dreams: net zero (carbon) energy, borderless worlds, communism, infinite sexual liberation, ..., are practical. They're senseless. But the woke, project the lack of such impossible utopias as the cause for all malady! Therefore the norms - you and I - are the cause for their missing Utopia! Because we believe in reality, not in dreams! The utopian dreams are impossible to live - so can only be held as luxury beliefs.

When they can, they'll try to force their utopias onto us with actual laws. Yet because the utopias are impossible there are no, actual woke people. Their impossible utopian dreams are really luxury beliefs. Practically no one attempts to live luxury beliefs. Luxury beliefs = impossible utopias - are another kind of projection gone bad. Why have luxury beliefs when they're impossible dreams? Because luxury beliefs are status beleifs; and the claim to a higher moral standard than others is moral grandstanding; which most of us do.